any agent that causes a narrowing of an opening of a blood vessel: cold or stress or nicotine or epinephrine or norepinephrine or angiotensin or vasopressin or certain drugs; maintains or increases blood pressure
Various mechanisms have been reported, including vasoconstrictor substances, pharmacologic stimuli, and neurohumoral effects. 各种机转曾被报告过，包括促血管收缩物质，药物的刺激及神经荷尔蒙的影响。
Since the reduced effective volume is due to extreme vasodilation then a vasoconstrictor can be used and the vasoconstrictor for which there is the most experience is Terlipressin. 由于减少的有效血容量起因于血管扩张，血管收缩剂可以用于治疗此病，有效的血管收缩剂是特利加压素。
