The microorganisms involved in symbiosis with the alder tree are actinomycetes of the genus Frankia. 而与赤杨共生的微生物是放线菌。
The foam is caused by the excessive growth of some filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes in activated sludge mixed liquor. 大量研究表明，污泥中某些丝状菌或放线菌的过度增殖是造成活性污泥工艺中泡沫问题的主要原因。
