The new system eliminates systematic error of the traditional systems and alleviates the complicated system calibration. 新系统消除了现有系统结构的系统误差，减轻了系统标定的复杂程度。
The error introduced by a finite collimation angle is a systematic one in apparent transmission. 一定准光间所带来的误差是包括在表现透光率中的一种系统误差。
