IV.ReadingComprehension (40points)

SofarasIknowMissHannahwasthefirstpersontogivethebasicdifferencebetweenworkandlabor.Tobehappyamanmustfeelfirstlyfreeandsecondlyimportant.Hecannotbereallyhappyifheisforcedbysocietytodowhathedoesnotenjoydoingorwhatheenjoysdoinglowlythoughtofbysocietyasvaluelessorunimportant.Inasocietywhereslaveryinthestrictsensehasbeengotridofthesignthatwhatamandoesisofsocialvalueisthatheispaidmoneytodoitbutalaborertodaycanrightlybecalledawageslave.Amanisalaborerifthejobthatsocietyoffershimisnotinterestingtohimselfbuthehastotakeitjustowingtothenecessityofearningalivingandsupportinghisfamily.

Theoppositesidetolaborisplay.Whenweplayagameweenjoywhatwearedoingotherwiseweshouldnotplayitbutitisapurelyprivateactivity;andsocietycouldnotcarelesswhetherweplayitornot.

Betweenlaborandplaystandswork.Amanisaworkerifheispersonallyinterestedinthejobwhichsocietypayshimtodo;whatfromthepointviewofsocietyisnecessarylaborisfromhisownpointofviewwillingplay.Whetherajobistobeclassifiedaslabororworkdependsnotonthejobitselfbutonthetastesoftheindividualwhodoesit.Thedifferencedoesnotforexampleagreewiththedifferencebetweenaphysicalandamentaljob;agardeneroracoppermaybeaworkerabankclerkisalaborer.

Whichamaniscanbeseenfromhisattitudetowardleisure.Toaworkerleisuremeanssimplythehoursheneedstorelaxandrestinordertoworkefficiently.Heisthereforemorelikelytotaketoolittleleisurethantoomuch;workersdieofheartattackandforgettheirwives'birthday.Tothelaborerontheotherhandleisuremeansfreedomfromcompulsion(强迫)sothatitisnaturalforhimtoimaginethatthefewerhourshehastospendlaboringandthemorehoursheisfreetoplaythebetter.

56.Amanfeelshappywhen____________.

A.heissupposedtodowhatisimportantinhisopinion

B.hehastotakeajobtoearnalivingandsupporthisfamily

C.heisdoingsomethingpersonallyinterestingandsociallyvaluable

D.whatheenjoysdoingiswhathethinkshighlyof

57.Thereasonwhyalaborercanbecalledawageslaveisthat________